Describe the Two Ways Pathogens Can Affect a Host

For the success of two important bacterial pathogensSalmonella typhimurium a common cause of salmonella food poisoning and Neisseria gonorrhoeae which causes gonorrhea a major sexually transmitted disease and an increasing public health problem in the United States. Other people can breathe in the droplets along with the viruses and bacteria they contain.

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Sterilising water preparing food hygienically washing vaccination and barrier contraception can reduce the spread of.

. Any microorganism which is able to cause disease in a host organism is termed a pathogen. The pathogen must be able to gain entry to the host travel to the location where it can establish an infection evade or overcome the hosts immune response and cause damage ie disease to the host. One such example of a bacteria that aids in digestion is Ecoli.

The skin becomes cracked and sore and small blisters may appear. A tic living from a dog 3 ways it can effect the host is. If the infection is left untreated it can spread to other parts of the body.

In this review we will describe how pathogenic bacteria can adhere and multiply at the surface of host cells how some bacteria can enter and proliferate inside these cells and. There are several ways in which a pathogen can cause disease. Bacteria affect host-cell pathways Bacteria affect human genes and gene expression References Effects of bacteria and viruses on their human host Interactome When interacting with the human body and one another bacteria are responsible for an imponderable number of interactions.

If you have an infection those droplets will contain microorganisms. When a pathogenic microorganism bacterium virus or protozoal parasite infects the human body a battle ensues between the hosts innate adaptive immune systems. Sometimes bacteria multiply so rapidly they crowd out host tissues and disrupt normal function.

Contamination infections-Pathogens that enter the body by the way of contaminated food or water often afflict the digestive system v. Other classes of microbes attack the body in different ways. Within one species of host plant there may be an incredible range of genetic diversity that greatly influences susceptibility to any particular species of pathogen.

Sometimes they kill cells and tissues outright. Microbial toxins may include those produced by the. Diseases such as the common cold and tuberculosis are spread in this way.

A flaky itchy red rash develops. Common examples of vectors are houseflies that cause. Bacterial pathogens have evolved a wide range of strategies to colonize and invade human organs despite the presence of multiple host defense mechanisms.

The fungus thrives in the damp warm environment found between the toes. Microorganisms produce poisonous substances called toxins. Sometimes they make toxins that can paralyze destroy cells metabolic machinery or precipitate a massive immune reaction that is itself toxic.

The variables involved in the outcome of a host becoming inoculated by a pathogen and the ultimate outcome include. The two ways in which bacteria are useful for us are. Disease of the host as the pathogen carried.

The pathogen bypasses barrier defenses and starts multiplying in the hosts body. Typhimuriumregularly alternates its surface. Through Body Fluids.

Bacteria can cause disease indirectly by producing harmful by-products that harm surrounding. Type III and Type IV Secretion. Some of the most common examples of pathogens that spread through body fluids are hepatitis and HIV viruses.

For example direct skin-to-skin contact during sex can lead to sexually transmitted infections STIs. Pathogen can infect you by entering your body through semen and blood. A pathogen being something living from the goodness a body example.

Think of a primary infection as a race between the pathogen and the immune system. As the adaptive immune response gears up however it will begin to. Damaging Host Cells Toxins.

This article is confined to human microbial pathogens although plant and animal pathogens are also widespread in nature. They aid in digestion- Our gut is enriched with bacteria and they form what is known as the microbiotic flora of the gut. Direct damage to the host is a general mechanism utilized by pathogenic organisms to ensure infection and.

Vector-carried infections- insects or other arthropods that carry pathogens from one host organism to another are vectors 1. Wound infections- Some pathogens enter the body through wounds no matter how small vi. The skin between the fourth and fifth toe is usually affected first.

During the first 4 to 5 days the innate immune response will partially control but not stop pathogen growth. Pathogens are disease-causing viruses bacteria fungi or protists. The route of entry of the pathogen and the access to host regions that it gains the intrinsic virulence of the particular organism the quantity or load of the initial inoculant and the immune status of the host being colonized.

Answers Biology GCSE Article Describe two ways in which a pathogen disease-causing organism can cause disease. Bacteria can cause disease directly by actually attacking and digesting human cells and tissues. If this flora is disturbed it is often associated with digestive problems and other diseases.

Coughing or sneezing can cause pathogens. Pathogens can spread in a variety of different ways. If the host is resistant to a pathogen even when the pathogen is present under favorable environmental conditions a disease will not occur Figure 69Genetic diversity also plays a role in pathogen.

In many cases the cycle is completed when the pathogen exits the host and is transmitted to a new host. Its an animal that spreads disease-causing pathogens from one host to another. These include releasing toxins 1 and damagingkilling local cells or tissues 2.

By inhalation through the nose When you cough or sneeze tiny droplets fly out of your mouth and nose. These can be seen in the Germ Theory of disease made famous by Robert Koch.

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